Yosemite, a large animal and plant habitat block in the Sierra Nevada area. A national park has an elevation range from 648 to 3,997 metres and contains five major vegetation zones: chaparral/oak woodland, lower montane forest, upper montane forest, subalpine zone, and alpine. The geology is characterized by granitic rocks and remnants of older rock. About 10 million years ago, the Sierra Nevada was uplifted and then tilted to form its relatively gentle western slopes and the more dramatic eastern slopes. The uplift increased the steepness of stream and river beds, resulting in formation of deep, narrow canyons. About 1 million years ago, snow and ice accumulated, forming glaciers at the higher alpine meadows that moved down the river valleys. Ice thickness in Yosemite Valley is understood to have reached 1,200 metres during the early glacial episode. The downslope movement of the ice masses cut and sculpted the incredibly enormous U-s...